MORAIS, D. A.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3496337359811792; MORAIS, Davidianne de Andrade.
Resumo:
Equideoculture is one of the most important economic activities in Brazil. Specifically the
Northeast region encompasses an expressive amount of animals. In regards to their proximity
to humans, there is a necessity for healthcare program mainly related to zoonotic infections, for
leptospirosis. Thereore, the Chapter I aimed for create a survey based in a spatial scale of the
seropositivity of Leptospira sp. in equines throughout four states of Northeast Brazil, such as
Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 1267 equine’s serum samples
were analized using a Microscopic Soroagglutination (MAT), with 376 anti-Leptospira sp.
antibodies (frequency of 29.7%). resulting in a frequency of 29.7%. Australis (37.2%) and
Icterohaemorrhagiae (29.3%) had a higher occurrence among the serogroups tested.
Considering the mesoregion of the states, we observed a high occurrence of the serogroup
Icterohaemorrhagiae, mainly regarding the coastal areas and large urban centers. Based in a
univariate analysis, younger animals (1 to 5 years old) presented lower seropositivity in relation
to older animals (≥6 years), whe comaring males to females. The frequency of leptospirosis in
equines in the Northeast was considered high, showing a wide dissemination of the bacterium
and risks both to animal health and public health, relying in the need for an epidemiological
alert of the surveillance organs, in order to establish prevention and control measures for the
disease zoonosis. Based on the serogroups found, it is recommended improvements in the
animal health management of equine breeding properties, such as the control of the entry of
new animals and the reduction of overcrowding, aiming to reduce intraspecies contamination,
and efficient rodent control, through rat control and anti-ratification. The purpose of Chapter II
was to determine the frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. in assemblages of the breed Jumento
Nordestino destined to the slaughtering for later export, coming from two properties located in
the Sertão of Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 349 animals were analyzed using a Microscopic
Soroagglutination (MAT) and 69 of them reacted with a minimum 1:50 titre, resulting in a
frequency of 19.8%. The most frequent serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (40.6%) followed
by Australis (27.5%). Animals aged ≥9 years had lower seropositivity than younger
animals.The main causes might be attributed to the possible adaptation of animals to serogroups
during the time of exposure. The frequency of seropositive species can be considered significant
considering the rusticity of the species and the adverse conditions of the semi-arid region of
Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. This reinforces the need to limit the contact of animals
destined to slaughter with rodents, avoiding the extensive creation and establishing sanitary
care with the food provided to these animals, as well as the implementation of improvements
in the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the properties, with the objective of reduce exposure to
the agent and hence the chances of humans and other animals being infected.