Distribuição espacial, georreferenciamento e epidemiologia da leishmaniose visceral na Paraíba.

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic, chronic, systemic disease, endemic in 12 countries in the Americas, which is expanding in Brazil and considered a public health problem. Chapter I, the objective was to analyze the geospatial distribution of cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Paraíba from 2001 to 2015. SINAN data from the Ministry of Health were used. There were 742 confirmed cases of HVL in the PB during the study period. The year in which the most cases occurred was 2001 (102 cases), the highest incidence was in Catolé do Rocha with 34.60 cases / 100 thousand inhabitants, and the municipality with the most notifications was João Pessoa (77 cases). Men, brown, urban residents, from 4 to 7 years of schooling and with evolving cure of users were the most affected with HVL. Over the years, there has been an internalization of the cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Paraíba in the studied period was observed. In Chapter II of this study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and epidemiology of LVC cases in the municipality of Sousa-PB, to identify prevalence and possible risk factors or protection factors of the disease in dogs in the locality. A total of 306 serological samples were collected from dogs from the urban area of Sousa-PB. The animals were tested positive for both TR DPP and ELISA, both from Bio-Manguinhos. Socioepidemiological questionnaires were applied with the tutors of the animals and the geographic coordinates of the guardian residences were collected. The prevalence of LVC was 19.3%, presenting 59 seroreagent animals. Animals adopted from the street, contact with felines and income ≥ 2 minimum wages, were pointed out as protection factors. Animals adopted another guardian was identitied out as risk factor. It was observed that there was no significant cluster formation through the scan performed in the SatScan software, but presented spatially distributed throughout the urban zone, analyzed through Kernel density. The increase in the prevalence of LVC in Sousa indicates a need to intensify the control actions of the disease.