FIRMINO, M. O.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0946980138752350; FIRMINO, Milena de Oliveira.
Resumo:
This thesis was constituted by four chapters that resulted in four scientific articles related to
diseases of the nasal cavity in small ruminants and horses diagnosed at the Animal Pathology
Laboratory, of the Veterinary University Hospital Prof. Dr. Ivon Macedo Tabosa, from the
Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba. The first chapter describes the
epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings of meningoencephalitis secondary
to Pythium insidiosum rhinitis in sheep that presented mild dyspnea and neurological signs. In
the nasal cavity there was a red-black, irregular and friable mass that bilaterally compromised
the nasal septum and the rostral portion of the nasal turbinates. In the brain, diffuse thickening
of the leptomeninges of the cerebellum and ventral portion of the brain stem was observed by
yellowish granular material associated with hyperemia of the vessels. On the floor of the
fourth ventricle there was deposition of yellowish, irregular and slightly granular material that
protruded towards the obex and displaced the cerebellum dorsolaterally. Microscopically,
there was pyogranulomatous, eosinophilic and necrotizing rhinitis, and fibrinossupurative,
eosinophilic and necrotizing meningoencephalitis, both associated with thrombi, vasculitis
and negative images of intralesional hyphae. The hyphae were impregnated with silver and
immunopositive for the anti-Pythium insidiosum antibody. The second chapter refers to the
clinical and pathological characteristics of rhinitis caused by Exserohilum rostratum in goats
in which he had anorexia, dyspnoea and deformity of the face for two months. In the nasal
cavity, there was a focal area, extensive yellow-brown, irregular, ulcerated and friable, which
drained purulent secretion affecting the nasal vestibule up to the caudal portion of the dorsal
concha. The lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyangranulomatous and necrotizing
osteomyelitis, associated with fungal structures. Morphologically, hyphae were characterized
by thin walls, slightly tortuous and rarely, multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups
and pigmented clamiconides. They were positive in the special histochemical stains of
Fontana masson, methenamine nitrate of silver of Grocott and periodic acid of Schiff. The
agent was determined through microbiological isolation associated with molecular
identification. The third article reports on goat nasal T-cell lymphoma, which showed dyspnea
and respiratory noise. In the sagittal section of the head, a pinkish-gray mass, smooth,
multilobulated, smooth surface, strongly adhered to the rostral portion of the dorsal concha
and occluding the dorsal nasal meatus in the right and left nasal cavities was observed.
Histopathological examination revealed a neoplasm of lymphocytic origin, confirmed T-cell
lymphoma by immunohistochemistry. In the fourth chapter, he presents a case of primary
leiomyosarcoma of the nasal cavity in horses that presented a decrease in sports performance
and bilateral purulent nasal secretion with approximately six months of evolution. In the nasal
cavity, an irregular, yellowish, shiny, fibroelastic mass was observed, obstructing the left
nostril. In the histopathological examination, spindle-shaped neoplastic cells were observed,
which stained red in the Masson Trichomic stain and there was positive immunostaining for
antibodies 1A4, HHF35, Desmina and S100. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was based on
the morphotintorial aspects of the cells and confirmed through immunohistochemistry.
Among such new anatomopathological conditions diagnosed in LPA/HVU/UFCG in
production animals, it was found that infectious and neoplasia occur sporadically and are
responsible for the death / euthanasia of patients. They attend with similar and nonspecific
clinical signs, which makes the clinical and macroscopic diagnosis difficult. It is necessary to
use histopathological, immunohistochemical, microbiological and molecular exams to
confirm the etiology of each condition.