SILVA, L. F. F.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6891040841010857; SILVA, Laysa Freire Franco e.
Resumo:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance for Public Health and endemic
in several regions of Brazil; the presence of disease in dogs usually precedes human cases.
Chapter I of this present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of canine visceral
leishmaniasis (CVL) in municipalities of Umbuzeiro microregion, Agreste Paraibano, and to
identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence. A total of 540 blood samples were
collected from dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipalities. The prevalence of VL
was determined using ELISA/S7®, DPP® and EIE-LVC® serological techniques. Risk factors
were determined through univariate and multivariate statistical analyzes. The prevalence
found in the microregion was 12.8%. The prevalence per municipality was 10% in Aroeiras,
11% in Umbuzeiro, 18.8% in Gado Bravo and 13.8% in Natuba. The risk factors for the
microregion were: living in rural areas (Odds Ratio = 2,280) and equines contact (Odds Ratio
= 4,326), while commercial ration associated with homemade food was presented as a
protection factor (Odds Ratio = 0.404). It was observed that dogs that have contact with other
dogs (Odds Ratio = 7,888), dogs over 6 years old (Odds Ratio = 2,122) and females (Odds
Ratio = 3,171) are more likely to contract the disease in the municipalities of Umbuzeiro,
Natuba and Gado Bravo, respectively, and to feed with commercial ration associated to the
homemade food was a factor of protection in Aroeiras (Odds Ratio = 0,309). By cytology,
amastigote forms were observed only in the spleen smear in 20% of the evaluated animals.
The presence of CVL widely distributed in the studied municipalities and risk factors for the
infection demonstrate the need for more adequate control measures for the region. The
purpose of Chapter II was to estimate the prevalence of CVL in the municipality of São José
de Espinharas, semiarid of Paraiba State, to identify the risk factors and observe the spatial
distribution pattern. A total of 223 blood samples were collected from dogs from urban and
rural areas of the city. The prevalence of CVL was determined using ELISA/S7® and DPP®
serological techniques. Risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariate
statistical analyzes. The spatial analysis was performed in the QGIS, SatScan and Google
Earth programs using the coordinates obtained by GPS (Global Position System) receiver.
The prevalence found in the municipality was 8.5%. In rural areas, contact with small
ruminants was identified as a risk factor for infection (Odds Ratio = 4,621). CVL cases have
focused on areas with deforestation of local vegetation in rural and urban areas. In the urban
area, a cluster with higher risk was identified in a peripheral area. The data obtained
demonstrate the distribution of CVL throughout the municipality, but presenting areas with
higher concentrations, and it is suggested to carry out control measures that prioritize them
according to the risk factors found.