Malformações no sistema nervoso central de caprinos e ovinos e eimeriose cerebral e sistêmica em caprinos.

Abstract

This thesis describes three scientific articles that address central nervous system diseases in goats and sheep in Northeastern Brazil. The first chapter brings together and describes the cases of CNS malformations in goats and sheep during the period 2000 to 2019 of diagnosis at Laboratorio de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. During the study period, 1012 goats and 834 sheep were received for necropsy, of which, eight were diagnosed as CNS malformations, three cases of lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia in goats, two cases of anencephaly in goats, one case of acephaly in sheep, one case of microcephaly in sheep and one case of diplomyelia with diastematemyly in goats . For most animals, the disease had an acute and very lethal clinical course. The second chapter describes two cases of lissencephalypachygyria and cerebellar hypoplasia in goats from the same herd, offspring of the same sire and different breeders. The animals were young and fed from a bottle. On physical examination, they presented incoordination and inability to stand, permanent sternal decubitus, ataxia, absence of threat reflex, intention tremors and nystagmus. With evolution of clinical signs, the animals died and were necropsied. At necropsy, the brain of both animals did not show gyrus or sulci and the cerebellum was reduced in size. Histologically, throughout the cerebral cortex, the gray matter was thicker and the white matter thinner than normal. Neurons were randomly distributed in the gray matter. In the cerebellum, the layers were disorganized, with heterotopic location of the cells. All injuries were common to both cases, varying only in intensity. The third chapter describes two cases of systemic eimeriosis in goats, one of them with cerebral involvement. The two goats were female, one month old of the Saanen breed. The animals had diarrhea progressing to neurological signs. On physical examination of one of the animals, lethargy, reluctance to movement, bruxism, ataxia, walking in a circle, decreased visual acuity, anorexia, abdominal distension and respiratory difficulties were observed. The parasitological examination showed marked emeirid oocysts. With the clinical evolution, the animal died and was necropsied. Macroscopically, the lesions were restricted to the small intestine, which had a lot of mucus and whitish multifocal nodules and slightly elevated in the mucosa. Microscopically, mononuclear leptomeningitis associated with intralesional Eimeria oocysts, severe chronic enteritis and the presence of marked oocystic structures in the lamina propria, liver parenchyma and alveolar septa were observed. CNS diseases are rare and sporadic, however, veterinarians and rural producers must know the clinicopathological characteristics of these diseases to better define controls and prophylaxis.