ALVES, A. P.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5709375751476947; ALVES, Alane Pereira.
Resumen:
Preemptive analgesia has the principle of analgesics before the surgical process , ie , before
the onset of pain , reducing or preventing it . This method of analgesia may attenuate or
reduce the awareness of the central nervous system in damaging processes . When a tissue
trauma , and various inflammatory substances are released algogenic , promoting
vasodilatation with leakage of plasma proteins , electrolytes, and recruitment of inflammatory
cells , and products of arachidonic acid metabolism , this induces the formation of
prostaglandins , which are responsible for hyperalgesia . Pain creates many harmful
consequences for the organism , such as stress , increased protein catabolism , altered
neuroendocrine axis with increased levels of aldosterone , Cortisol, and catecholamines . The
preemptive analgesia using several drugs, such as opioids , NSAIDs (anti -inflammatory
naoesteroidais ) , local analgesics , ketamine and alpha2 agonists. Opioids can relieve the full
spectrum of pain , epidural administration in dogs produces long-lasting analgesic in cats has
excitatory effects are avoided using the dosages indicated or associate them with tranquilizers
. NSAIDs are more effective in the treatment of postoperative pain peratoria compared to
opioids . Among the NSAIDs carprofen and meloxicam are considered safer for perioperative
management , providing a considerable decrease in postoperative hyperalgesia , no adverse
effects being reported by these NSAIDs . Local anesthesia in a preemptive is an excellent
method for postoperative recovery , the local anesthetics used in veterinary medicine are
lidocaine and bupivacaine . The drugs group alpha2 agonists associated with epidural opioid
increases the period of analgesia. The aim of this review is to clarify through the analysis of
several studies the effectiveness and benefits of preemptive analgesia for pain control ,
encouraging this type analgesic in veterinary medicine . The technique of preemptive
analgesia has many benefits for the patient because it prevents central sensitization observed
in patients undergoing surgical procedures , reduced doses of anesthetics during surgery ,
reduce the quantity and dose of analgesics postoperatively , prolongs the interval between the
administration of these drugs and accelerates recovery of the patient. Based on various studies
may be concluded that preemptive analgesia in dogs and cats no longer a myth, going on to
become reality, however , is to be effective it is necessary to know the drug used , associating
it with the level of analgesia that it provides subjected to the surgical procedure .