Anatomia óssea de macaco-prego (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823): Análise comparativa macroscópica, radiográfica e tomográfica.

Abstract

Basic anatomical studies, aimed at describing structures, are often neglected, and, consequently, scarce in the literature, despite representing the foundation for so many other areas of medicine. The aim of this study was to describe the bone anatomy of Sapajus libidinosus, macroscopically, and in tomography and radiography images. For this, a total of four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals in the imaging exams, four of which were euthanized and added to the macroscopic stage. For imaging exams, animals were kept anesthetized. All bones were documented with a digital camera and the structures described based on the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria and compared with data from the literature on human and nonhuman primates. Student ttest for independent samples was performed. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females, regarding the length of vertebrae, sternum, ribs and appendicular bones. The spinal column of Sapajus libidinosus consists of seven cervical vertebrae, 13 or 14 thoracic, five or six lumbar, two or three sacral and 23 or 24 caudal, with one animal with 16 vertebrae. It was possible to verify the efficiency of diagnostic imaging methods in Sapajus libidinosus, demonstrating that it is possible to identify bone structures with great precision, when compared to images of bone pieces. As for the vertebral region, the identification of structures was highly dependent on the presence or not of bone overlap, as well as on the robustness of the vertebrae, with greater sharpness in the caudal direction. The sternum can be well described by means of radiography and 3D reconstruction, the latter being a method of better identification of rib structures. Structures such as the sulcus for the spinal nerve, cervical vertebrae and xiphoid cartilage of the sternum were not clearly visualized in any imaging method. Most of the bone structures of the scapula were well identified in the imaging methods, being more restricted in the ventrodorsal projection. The clavicle showed very limited visualization. The humerus, as well as the radius and ulna, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphysis by radiography, however, they were well identified on tomography. The same was observed for the femur, tibia and fibula. All structures described in the macroscopic image of the carpus, metacarpal, tarsus and metatarsus could be identified by means of radiography and tomography. The thigh bone has been extensively described using imaging methods. A small penile bone is present at the end of the penis, and could be identified by all methods analyzed. More subtle structures, such as the popliteal notch, in the tibia and gluteal tuberosity, pectineal line and scratchy face, in the thigh bone, were not identified. Structures present on the articular surfaces of bones were limited to macroscopic analysis. Sapajus libidinosus presented, in general, anatomical characteristics structurally and morphologically more similar to those of the infraorder Simiiformes, including humans, being a great indicator of an experimental model in these species.