Prevalência de desordens orais com potencial de transformação maligna na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande.

Abstract

The oral disorders with potential malignant transformation consist of benign tissue changes, morphologically modified, that present a greater than normal risk of developing malignant neoplasia. OBJECTIVE: To perform a study of the prevalence of oral disorders with malignant transformation potential diagnosed in the patients attending the Dental School Clinic of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the city of Patos-PB. METHODOLOGY: At the first moment of the research, an analysis was performed on the medical records of patients that attended the clinic, where epidemiological and clinicopathological data were collected. At a second moment, these patients were called to attend the clinical school again to perform the clinical control of the found disorders. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,706 medical records, 131 patients with oral disorders with potential malignant transformation were found, showing a prevalence of 4.84%. Of the disorders, actinic cheilitis was the most frequent with 68 (50.4%) cases, followed by leukoplakia with 61 (45.2%). Males were the most affected with 85 (64.9%) cases, the most common type of skin was feoderma with 64 (48.8%) occurrences, and the mean age of the patients was 45.11 years. Among the 131 patients in the sample, 52 (39.7%) reported being smokers, 45 (34.3%) consumed alcoholic beverages and 58 (44.3%) worked in the sun. It was also observed that 89 (68%) patients did not perform the recommended treatment for the lesion, and that the most common histopathological result was hyperkeratosis followed by mild epithelial dysplasia. Regarding clinical control, 33 (25.2%) returned, where was noticed the absence of disease in 22 patients. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the disorders was similar to the world's prevalence, but with some differences in relation to the epidemiological diseases's profile, a high prevalence of smokers in leukoplakia and erythroplasias was observed, as well as a high prevalence of sun exposure in patients with actinic cheilitis. In addition, a great deal of patients evasion to the treatment and to the clinical control was observed, which may be related to the professionals' failure to attend and treat these patients, as well as the peculiar social difficulties of each region.