Caracterização epidemiológica da leptospirose em caprinos no Nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract

This thesis consists of three articles, divided into chapters. In Chapter I, seroprevalence, most frequent serogroups and factors associated with the occurrence of leptospirosis were determined and the disease was geospatialized in goats from states of different biomes, Alagoas and Maranhão. Samples were collected from 597 goats, which were subjected to the Microscopic Serum Agglutination Test (SAM), with a cutoff point of 1:50, and the frequency of seropositive individuals was 19.93%, being 18.92% (35/185) in the Alagoas and 20.38% (84/412) in Maranhão. The most frequent serogroups were Autumnalis (31.09%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (25.21%). It was possible to observe the highest frequency of the serogroup Autumnalis (42.86%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (28.57%) in the state of Alagoas, Caatinga biome, and Autumnalis (26.19%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (23.81%) in the state of Maranhão, Cerrado biome. Leptospira sp. it is present in the studied biomes, being present in areas with diverse characteristics in terms of vegetation and climate, which generates an alert for preventive care in relation to the disease. In Chapter II, the objective was to determine seroprevalence, the most frequent serogroups and the factors associated with the occurrence of leptospirosis in goats from five states in Northeastern Brazil. 4121 goat samples were collected in the states of Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. The frequency of seropositive individuals was 18.73% (772/4121), evaluating the properties, 82.9% (184/222) obtained at least one seroreactive animal. The most frequent serogroups were Autumnalis (23.06%) and Australis (20.98%), with titers ranging from 1: 100 to 1: 800. The factors associated with seropositivity for Leptospira spp. were the animal's sex (P = 0.040), producer education (P <0.001), producer looking for institution for support and problem solving (P = 0.040), producer not participating in associations / cooperatives (P = 0.055) and the property presenting irrigation area (P = 0.002). Leptospira sp. it is present in the states of the Northeast region of Brazil with a tendency to the appearance of some specific serogroups, such as Autumnalis and Australis. In Chapter III, the seroprevalence of antiLeptospira antibodies, the most frequent serogroups, was determined and the geospatialization of the occurrence of leptospirosis in goats from seven states in the Northeast of Brazil was carried out through serology and evaluation of geographic data. 4718 samples of goats from the states of Alagoas, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe were collected, and these were subjected to serology with a cutoff point of 1: 100. From this, the frequency data and the geographic characterization of leptospirosis were obtained in the evaluated cities and it was possible to strengthen the information about the presence of leptospirosis in the region, especially in areas of hostile environment, showing a possible adaptation of the agent in areas of adverse climates. And a strong relationship with intraand interspecies transmission, due to the appearance of specific serogroups. In addition, there is a possible characterization of serogroups, such as Autumnalis, of recurrent appearance throughout research, and favorable environments for the development of the agent, such as the semiarid Northeast.