Prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular em alunos do ensino médio da rede privada.

Abstract

The orofacial pain (OFP) is presented as every sort of pain associated with mineralized and non-mineralized tissues of the oral cavity and the face. As to the temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), it is defined by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) as a set of disorders that involve the temporomandibular articulation and/or mastication muscles. The TMD has a multifactorial etimology, however, it exposes the anatomical, neuromuscular and psychogenic factors as the main ones. High school students show a high risk of developing TMD due to greater exposure to psychogenic factors associated with it. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is an already validated instrument used in the diagnosis of this entity, which has shown reproducible results for the Brazilian population, hence permiting the inclusion of Brazil in the hall of the transcultural epidemiologic transcultural studies on DTM. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, through RDC/TMD the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in high school students of the private system in 2014. Methodology: The RDC/TMD form was handed to a number of 242 students, and the data was statistically analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS) software, version 17, and presented in a quali-quatitative manner. Results: facial pain (22.43%), clamping with opening limitation (18.3%), clicks (32%), crepitation (18.9%), bruxism or nightly clenching (10.3%), bruxism or daily clenching (19.4%), fatigue or jaw pain upon waking (17.7%), tinnitus (38.3%), momentary oclusal alteration (18.3%), headache/migrane (54.9%). Facial pain was mostly classified as recurrent (68.29%) and of mild intensity. Conclusion: The individuals in the sample had a high prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD. The most related sign was the click and the most frequent symptom was headache or migraine. The higher prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD occurred in females and it consisted in pain ranging from mild to severe with recurrent episodes.