Influência da variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo nos processos de erosão hídrica no semiárido Paraibano.

Abstract

Soil variability occurs naturally and can be intensified by anthropogenic actions. Knowing the variability of the environment is essential for the adoption of adequate management practices, minimizing sampling errors, and reducing environmental impacts. One of the processes of degradation influenced by variability is erosion, which when aggravated, causes economic and environmental damages. This study was developed at the Experimental Farm of the UFCG / CCTA, located in the municipality of São Domingos, with the objective of evaluating the spatial variability of soil physical attributes and its influence on erosive processes. Two areas, classified as Neossolo and Vertissolo, were analyzed for each area. A collection grid was installed, with 80 sampling points, totaling 160 samples, at a depth of 0 - 20 cm. The physical attributes analyzed were soil density, particle density, total porosity, moisture, texture and aggregate stability. The spatial variability of the attributes was represented by semivariograms and kriging maps, in which it was verified that all the attributes in both soils presented spatial dependence. In addition, erosion points were identified in situ, and slope maps were generated to verify the influence of relief on soil susceptibility to erosion, and a map by means of an index to visualize erosion and sedimentation areas. It was evidenced that the slope had no influence on the erosive processes, since the areas were classified as flat, concluding that only the variables related to soil pedology acted in this process.