Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de milho Crioulo tratadas com subprodutos da agroindústria.

Abstract

The use of creole varieties is very importance to agro-biodiversity preservation and food security. These same varieties are cultivated by small producers and traditional communities, and are adapted to local climatic conditions. The current work has the objective of evaluate the efficiency of the application of byproducts from the agro-industry in the Creole corn seeds treatment, aiming the control of pathogens and the maintenance of their health and physiological qualities. The experiment was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory and at the Seed and Seedlings Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal-PB. It was used the experimental design completely randomized (DIC) in a factorial scheme (2 x 6 + 2), consisting of two varieties of Creole corn, Hibra and Vermelhão; with isolated application of six organic byproducts and also mixed together (agave solution; manipueira; vinasse; agave solution + manipueira, agave solution + vinasse and manipueira + vinasse) and two controls (positive-distilled water) and (negative-chemical). The seeds were acquired at the Padre Domingos Cleide settlement, at the Santa Helena-PB city. These same seeds were evaluated according to characteristics of purity, infestation, the weight of a thousand seeds, water content and electrical conductivity. After the treatments application, the following tests were performed: germination, cold test, root length, emergence and blotter test. It was verified that the seeds from varieties Vermelhão and Hibra have excellent physical and physiological qualities. The physiological quality of the seeds from the Vermelhão variety surpassed Hibra. The use of the byproducts of manipueira, agave solution + maipueira and agave + vinasse, can be used in the varieties of Creole corn, Hibra and Vermelhão without the risc of their physiological quality being affected. The main found fungi that are associated to the seeds from the varieties of creole corn, Hibra and Vermelhão were Fusarium Verticillioides and Aspergillus Niger. The byproducts agave, agave + manipueira and agave + vinasse, are efficient on controlling pathogens from the varieties: creole corn, Hibra and Vermelhão. The Agave + manipueira blend is efficient in the control of F. verticillioides and the agave + manipueira and manipueira + vinasse mixtures favor the control of Aspergillus Niger.