Elaboração e atividade antimicrobiana de extrato hidroalcoólico da Pimenta Malagueta (Capsicum frutescens).

Abstract

Pepper belongs to the family Solanaceae and genus Capsicum, can be widely produced in Brazilian soils and climates, being found several types of varieties. Capsicum frutescens contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids and a source of vitamin C, which may present antimicrobial activity, antibiotic synergism and removal of bacterial virulence. The present work had as objective to elaborate hidroalcoolic extracts of the chili pepper, on different concentrations of ethanol and time of extraction and to analyze the influence of these factors on the bioactive compounds, as well as its antimicrobial activity. In order to determine the best extraction method, a 23 + 3 factorial design was used to analyze the influence of the independent variables (ethanol concentration and extraction time) in relation to the dependent variables (Titratable Total Acidity, pH, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, Phenolic compounds and Vitamin C). According to the results obtained, the extracts showed an excellent yield, with values above 50%. Analyzing the response surface results obtained for the optimization of the hydroalcoholic extracts process, only two constituents presented significant difference according to the linear regression equations, being this difference found for total titratable acidity, found in the upper level (+1 for 24 hours of maceration obtaining 0.13 (g / 100g) of citric acid, for vitamin C also showed a significant difference, reaching the maximum values at the upper level (+1) of the solvent concentration factor corresponding to 85% and obtaining 2 , 10 (mg / 100g). The other components analyzed in the present study did not present significance according to linear regression equations. When analyzing the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of chilli pepper, the extract obtained with different concentrations of solvent and different time of maceration did not present antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.