Sobrevivência e capacidade de voo de Apis Mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) após exposição a resíduos de inseticidas em folhas de meloeiro.

Abstract

The presence of the bee Apis mellifera is essential for pollination of melon (Cucumis melo) and fruit production. To preserve bees in the field, the rational use of insecticides is essential, and it is necessary to know the toxicity of the products on pollinators. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the residual toxicity of insecticides of the chemical groups Antranilamide and Spinosine, in melon leaves on A. mellifera. The work was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory of the Agro-Food Science and Technology Center (CCTA) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal-PB. The insecticides evaluated were: Anthranilamide Chemical Group: Premio® – (Clorantraniliprole), Benevia® – (Ciantraniliprole) and Voliam Targo® – (Clorantraniliprole + Abamectin); Spinosine Chemical Group: Delegate® - (Espinetoram) and Tracer® - (Spinosad). All products were evaluated at the minimum and maximum doses recommended by the manufacturers for the melon crop, with the exception of Premio®, which has a single registered dose. The evaluation of the flight capacity of the bees that survived in each treatment was carried out with the aid of a flight tower. The insecticides Espinosade, Espinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, regardless of the dose used, were extremely toxic to bees, causing mortality above 85%. The insecticides Chlorantraniliprole and Ciantraniliprole caused the lowest percentages of mortality, being little harmful to A. mellifera. The two doses of the insecticide Espinetoram and the highest doses of the insecticides Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin and Espinosad provided a TL50 of less than 20 hours. For the insecticides Chlorantraniliprole and Ciantraniliprole, a TL50 greater than 100 hours was observed. The insecticide Ciantraniliprole, at its maximum dose, affected the flight ability of A. mellifera, as the observed behavior differed from the bees exposed to the other treatments, absolute control (distilled water), Chloratraniliprole and Ciantraniliprole at their minimum dose. Residues of the insecticides Espinetoram and Espinosade and Chlorantraniliprole + Abamectin, caused high mortality on A. mellifera, The Anthranilamides Chlorantraniliprole and Ciantraniliprole were little toxic. The flight capacity of the A. mellifera bee was not affected by the used dose of Chlorantraniliprole and the lowest dose of Ciantraniliprole, with a reduction only for bees submitted to the highest dose of Ciantraniliprole.