Levantamento e mapeamento da flora apícola de uma área de Caatinga na fazenda Bela Vista no município de São José do Jacuípe-BA.

Abstract

Presenting several species of flora and fauna, Brazil has a great biodiversity, therefore, the country received the title of ―biologically healthy nation‖. However, among the Brazilian biomes, the Caatinga has been one of the biomes with the lowest sampling, in addition to suffering an extensive process of environmental devastation caused by the unsustainable use of its natural resources. Despite having a vast and diverse flora, there is still little information about the Brazilian bee flora. It must be taken into account that the knowledge of the beekeeping flora is an effective instrument for the beekeeper to improve and increase his production. Therefore, the present work has as objectives: to elaborate thematic maps of NDVI, TST and WSVI; carry out an inventory of the beekeeping flora in this area of the Caatinga, prepare a catalog of local beekeeping plants and assess the relationship between the maps and the richness of the beekeeping flora. The study was developed at Fazenda Bela Vista, in the municipality of São José do Jacuípe - Bahia, it has an area of approximately 70.16 ha. This study area was analyzed by a set of field actions and by practices of remote sensing and geoprocessing of satellite images, where images from the Google Earth software, vector data provided by IBGE (2019), and the free software Qgis 2.18 were used. The calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI, the land surface temperature-TST, the Water Supplied Vegetation Index-WSVI were evaluated in this work. And with that, it was possible to prepare thematic maps, carry out an inventory of the beekeeping flora of this Caatinga area and evaluate the relationship between them. The results showed a decrease in vegetation in the surroundings of the studied area due to the presence of anthropized areas that caused a decrease in vegetation. In the 2019 NDVI map, there is a more wooded area with darker shades varying between light green and dark green colors, when compared to the year 2016 due to a greater scale of rainfall in that year, where in the year 2016 in addition to having had a lower volume of rainfall in the area, there was also an area suggestive of anthropization. As for the results of the TST and WSVI indices for the year 2016 and 2019, they were also influenced by the volume of rain and anthropization, when compared to the results of the year 2021, showing better results. In this sense, the good results of temperature and humidity in the area contributed to the increase in the density of the vegetation and consequently the incidence of bees in the place, optimizing the beekeeping production.