Avaliação dos impactos ambientais do lixão no município de Belém de São Francisco - PE.

Abstract

For centuries the disposal of solid waste was done in dumps. And even though there are currently less aggressive forms of disposal to the environment, several municipalities in Brazil still use this form of archaic disposal, which is the case of the municipality of Belém de São Francisco - PE. The work in question aims to carry out an assessment of the environmental impacts of the dump in the municipality and propose mitigating and compensatory measures. The methodology used for the development of the work was based on bibliographic research, field visits, photographic records, satellite images as well as the use of fundamental methodologies in the assessment of environmental impacts: checklist method, ad hoc method and interaction matrix. The georeferencing of the study area was carried out using the Qgis software. With the use of this program, it was possible to delimit the study areas of influence in: directly affected area, direct influence area and indirect influence area; each one affected by the activities of the dump, with different degrees and characteristics. To describe the conditions of the study area, a simplified environmental diagnosis was developed, taking into account the physical, biotic and anthropic environment of the municipality. Then, the adverse environmental impacts were evaluated and environmental control measures were proposed to reduce them. Through the interaction matrix between anthropic activities and environmental components, it was possible to determine that the physical, biotic and anthropic environments suffer significant impacts, with each environment containing, respectively, 19, 8 and 8 interactions. The most significant impacts were: soil contamination, visual pollution, the proliferation of micro and macro pathogenic vectors, the risk of contracting infectious diseases, air pollution and the stress of the surrounding biota. The proposed environmental control measures were: the construction of a sanitary landfill suited to the socioeconomic characteristics of the municipality; the adoption of reforestation measures in deforested areas; and the application of alternative measures to mitigate environmental impacts. Environmental control plans and programs were suggested to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of environmental control measures and educate the population about solidary and sustainable practices.