O licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de gestão Pública para o controle legal e administrativo do agronegócio brasileiro.

Abstract

Environmental licensing is a public management instrument that seeks to adapt economic development projects to the standards of protection and preservation of the environment. It is a preventive and permanent control tool, indispensable for sustainability and unfolds through administrative acts called environmental licenses. In this context, agribusiness, a sector of enterprises that promotes socioeconomic development and is related to a complex of activities related to the commercialization of agricultural products, has become important for the generation of jobs and income, but which, on the other hand, has caused concerns because of its negative environmental impacts on the environment. Given the relevance of these two postulates, the present dissertation aims to analyze environmental licensing as an instrument of legal and administrative control of Brazilian agribusiness. As for the methodology, this study made use of a literature review, characterized by the method of bibliographic and documentary study, covering itself with a qualitative, deductive and exploratory character. The results show that, in addition to environmental licensing, other instruments are important in containing negative environmental impacts such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Prior Environmental Impact Study (EPIA), Rural Environmental Registry (CRA), Legal Reserve (RL ) and Environmental Preservation Area. Agribusiness cannot be considered “tech, pop and all”. The excessive use of pesticides, forest deforestation and inequality in land use and ownership contradict the symbolic and media discourse of this sector that is sold in the news as the salvation and wealth of Brazil. It is concluded that environmental licensing is necessary for the control of negative environmental impacts in the context of agribusiness and as such must be improved, but it cannot be succumbed by legislative change projects that only come to satisfy elitist desires of the bench that disregard and delegitimize the instruments of National Environmental Policy, conquered, as well as the Federal Constitution of 88, in long historical struggles, at many hands. Sustainability must be the paradigm and the driving force for any enterprise, whether small, medium or large, and environmental licensing fulfills this essential role of reconciling an increasingly sustainable economic development.