SILVA, B. C.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4115236290453861; SILVA, Bruna Carvalho da.
Resumen:
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible infectious disease, with patients with
Diabetes Mellitus as the second most affected group by the virus; these have a
greater chance of developing the severe form of the disease and have a higher
mortality rate. Thus, it is important to know the risk factors of patients affected by
the virus, as well as the adequate monitoring of diabetics, thus avoiding a bad
prognosis. Therefore, the present study seeks to highlight Diabetes Mellitus as a
risk factor for the aggravation of COVID-19, as well as highlighting the role of the
pharmacist in the context of the pandemic. The methodology of this study was an
integrative review through literature searches, available in electronic databases,
in order to obtain scientific articles, periodicals, epidemiological bulletins that
addressed the topic. For the construction of the integrative review, searches were
carried out in the electronic databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science,
Electronic Libary Online (SciElo), Google Scholar and in national and
international health committees, using the following terms and their combinations
: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk factors; Role of the Pharmacist; Treatment;
Comorbidities. The search was carried out in Portuguese, English and Spanish,
with publications between 2018 and 2022. 60 articles were found, of which 50
were elected to compose this review, in addition to 01 dissertation and 09
documents found on Ministry of Health websites , WHO and Brazilian Society of
Diabetes. In Brazil, among the 15,485 deaths from SARS by COVID-19 reported
in 2022, up to 12 February, (24%) had diabetes. In Paraíba between the years
2020 to 2021, Diabetes Mellitus was among the most frequent risk factors in
elderly patients (30%). The analyzed studies showed a variable prevalence
according to the population (9.6 to 16.2%) of worsening in patients with Diabetes
Mellitus, with the second or third most frequent comorbidity in patients with
COVID-19. The chronic inflammatory condition, changes in the immune system
and the endothelial damage triggered by Diabetes makes the individual more
susceptible to the aggravation of COVID-19, by overlapping the inflammation and
increasing the risk of infections and thrombosis in affected individuals. is a
frequent comorbidity in patients affected by COVID-19. In view of this, the
participation of the pharmacist in the control of DM is essential, as the
pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients with DM can result in better quality of
life, greater knowledge about preventing and coping with infectious diseases and
lower risk of complications from COVID-19, if your health condition is well
controlled.