Diabetes mellitus como fator de risco para o agravo da Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

COVID-19 is a highly transmissible infectious disease, with patients with Diabetes Mellitus as the second most affected group by the virus; these have a greater chance of developing the severe form of the disease and have a higher mortality rate. Thus, it is important to know the risk factors of patients affected by the virus, as well as the adequate monitoring of diabetics, thus avoiding a bad prognosis. Therefore, the present study seeks to highlight Diabetes Mellitus as a risk factor for the aggravation of COVID-19, as well as highlighting the role of the pharmacist in the context of the pandemic. The methodology of this study was an integrative review through literature searches, available in electronic databases, in order to obtain scientific articles, periodicals, epidemiological bulletins that addressed the topic. For the construction of the integrative review, searches were carried out in the electronic databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Electronic Libary Online (SciElo), Google Scholar and in national and international health committees, using the following terms and their combinations : COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk factors; Role of the Pharmacist; Treatment; Comorbidities. The search was carried out in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with publications between 2018 and 2022. 60 articles were found, of which 50 were elected to compose this review, in addition to 01 dissertation and 09 documents found on Ministry of Health websites , WHO and Brazilian Society of Diabetes. In Brazil, among the 15,485 deaths from SARS by COVID-19 reported in 2022, up to 12 February, (24%) had diabetes. In Paraíba between the years 2020 to 2021, Diabetes Mellitus was among the most frequent risk factors in elderly patients (30%). The analyzed studies showed a variable prevalence according to the population (9.6 to 16.2%) of worsening in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, with the second or third most frequent comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. The chronic inflammatory condition, changes in the immune system and the endothelial damage triggered by Diabetes makes the individual more susceptible to the aggravation of COVID-19, by overlapping the inflammation and increasing the risk of infections and thrombosis in affected individuals. is a frequent comorbidity in patients affected by COVID-19. In view of this, the participation of the pharmacist in the control of DM is essential, as the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients with DM can result in better quality of life, greater knowledge about preventing and coping with infectious diseases and lower risk of complications from COVID-19, if your health condition is well controlled.