Obtenção de extratos líquidos de juazeiro e mororó para fins industriais.

Abstract

This work was performed in order to study the processing of medicinal plants, originated from the semiarid region of Paraiba, aiming the production of liquid extract for use in the pharmaceutical industry. Initially, the in natura leaves were analyzed for physical composition. It was also investigated the moisture desorption isotherms of in natura samples at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 °C in Aqualab equipment and set up models of GAB, Oswin and Peleg to the experimental data. The optimal settings to the experimental data were obtained using the model of Peleg. A 22 factorial design with center points totaling 7 experiments for each plant was used in order to optimize the drying process. The drying kinetics was performed in a greenhouse with circulating air at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C and air velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m s ' . The drying curves of the experimental data obtained during the drying process from both species were adjusted to the models of Cavalcanti Mata (2006), Pabis & Henderson (1961), Midilli et al. (2002), Page (1949) and Wang & Sing (1978) using the Quasi-Newton method, through die program Statistica®. The powdered material was characterized physically, regarding the levels of water, ash and extractive. The hydroalcoholic extract of concentrated vegetal drug was obtained by dynamic maceration using as liquid extractor 70% alcohol being subsequently characterized physicochemically. The extractive solution and the concentrated extract were characterized according to density and solid levels. Through the experimental design, using a matrix 22 + 3 repetitions at the center point, was evaluated the effect of the drying variables on the content of alkaloids and condensed tannin. On the results among the parameters for samples of hydroalcoholic extracts, it was found that the empirical model was not statistically significant or predictive.