Confecção de um filtro de bancada para auxílio na melhoria da qualidade da água.

Abstract

72.2% of rural and peripheral communities receive water exclusively through wells, ponds, dams and ponds, which do not undergo prior treatment¨ and may cause a series of diseases. So he suggests, the use of a slow home sand filter appears as a good alternative for water treatment, since it is not necessary a qualified professional to manage and preserve the system. In view of this scenario, the objective was to make a slow filter from a reused pet bottle for the treatment of water in isolated and rural communities. For this, a research was carried out divided into two phases: the study of kaolin and palygorskite clay as a filter medium and the construction of a filter prototype. Five filters were prepared from PET bottles and layers of sand, kaolin, palygorskite clay and pebbles in different sizes were placed in each of them according to the best granulometry curve. After completion, the prototypes were washed with 250 mL of distilled water and a sodium absorption test was carried out to verify the best way to use the palygorskite clay in the filter and 2 more new prototypes were prepared. Prototype I, in the first wash, showed signs that it would not be able to withstand it and in a matter of seconds it fell apart, taking all the filter media. On the other hand, prototypes II and III were consistent in the other washes. The other prototypes were based on a kaolin support layer larger than the MESH 16 and it was not supported. As for the flow, filter II had the filtration in 15 minutes, but the value was disregarded because the filtration was stopped and there was still water through the filter and filter V had the shortest time. The turbidity and color of the water did not obtain the desired results and established by Ordinance No. 888/2021, this is due to the particles of the filtering materials that mixed with the washing water. However, for pH, all filters showed compliance with the legislation. Therefore, it was evident that the filters produced did not obtain satisfactory results for the parameter color and turbidity. And this can be explained by the fact that the filter is still in a state of maturity, but has great potential to be improved in future research.