Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) acondicionadas em três embalagens e armazenadas em duas microrregiões do Estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

The present study reports an experiment carried out with the aim of evaluating the physiological quality of peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.) stored under ambient conditions, with no control of temperature nor air relative humidity in two microregions of Paraíba State, from the fifth of April of 1995 to the fifth of July of 1996. The arrangement was the delineation of blocks at random in factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 2 x 6 with four repetitions. The treatments were composed of peanut seeds in shell and out of shell, three types of containers (impermeable, semi-permeable and permeable), in two towns (Campina Grande and Patos - PB) and in six periods of storages (O, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months). The evaluations of both the physiological and sanitary quality were carried out in seeds before the storage, for the characterization of the material, every three months of storage, discarding the containers used. Each evaluation consisted of the humidity degree measurement of the weight of the aerial part's dry matter, the germination standard test (GST), first counting of the standard test, the buddings' sprout on the ground, the speed of the buddings' sprout on the ground, the rate of sprout speed and the buddings' length as physiological variables, and the quantification (porcentage) of seeds with fungi and infestation rate by insects, as sanitary variables. The results obtained demonstrated taht the seed stored in the fruit keeps its viability 50% more than the seed stored out of the fruit; the type of container conditions the longevity of the physiological quality of the seed during the storage; the impermeable storage is better than both the semi-permeable and permeable ones; the vigour tests, the first counting of the GST, the buddings' sprout on the ground and the rate of sprout speed correlated positively with the Germination Standard Test, with coefficients above 80%; the buddings' sprout tests on the ground and sprout speed rate are more accurate to express the quality of the seed lots; the seeds stored out of the fruit are more susceptible to the plague attack and there was no homogeneity in the occurrence of fungi during the storage.