Infecção do trato urinário: análise do perfil de resistência bacteriana no município de Caicó/RN, comparando o período pré-pandêmico e pandêmico da COVID 19.

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is defined by the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in urinary tissues, with a high number of relapses due to therapeutic failures and consequent increase in microbial resistance. In view of this, the present study sought to evaluate the results of urine cultures and antibiograms performed in a private Laboratory, located in the city of Caicó/RN, from July to December 2019 and July to December 2021, with an emphasis on bacterial resistance. Thus, an epidemiological, retrospective, exploratory, descriptive and analytical study was carried out, with a quantitative approach, using the described and synthesized data, using percentage values. In the period to which this work was carried out, 1039 urine cultures were performed, of which 158 were positive. There was a prevalence of females, with 124 positive cases (78.5%), with a predominance in the age group over 60 years. In both periods, Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism, accounting for more than 70% of cases. It was observed that there was an increase in the resistance of E. coli strains to fluoroquinolones, especially ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, verified in 2021, when compared to the year 2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic may have been an aggravating factor for this increase, considering the high use of antimicrobials in this period. Furthermore, it was found that nitrofurantoin presented the best results on this uropathogen, with no changes in the resistance profile. The current scenario is worrisome, especially when you realize the increase in resistance to quinolones, one of the classes of antibiotics widely used in UTI, requiring more and more periodic evaluations of the microbial resistance profile, suggesting caution in the empirical therapeutic antimicrobial prescription.