Uma metodologia para identificação de perdas não técnicas em sistemas de distribuição com vistas ao uso eficiente da energia elétrica.

Abstract

The reduction of energy losses, classically divided into technical and non-technical losses, still can be considered a challenge for many electric sector companies from Brasil and worldwide. In the second case, this challenge is of significant complexity, since it involves issues and aspects that are beyond the control and autonomy of the power distribution companies. The method of calculation of non-technical losses, upon the measurement of injected energy in a particular segment or distribution circuit, is present in some solution and technologies applied to electric sector with the objective of managing these losses. Here is presented a methodology of evaluation of non-technical losses – without dissociate them from the technical ones – grounded on two pillars: technical and of management. In the first one, we have the enhancement of the method of calculation of non-technical losses related to the measurement of electrical energy; in the second, we have a systematization, by using the administration tool, from the causes associated to non-technical losses as well as the expansion of its multidisciplinary concept. From data made available by three electric distribution companies, results were obtained, and from the analysis, it is concluded that, in the studied case, the non-technical losses index is affected by: incompatibility between the measuring and reading intervals of the meters of consumer units and the non-observance of which billable energy values should be considered on the non-technical losses calculation. In 65% of the monitored transformers, the percentual error in the calculation of non-technical losses is superior to 2%, and in 25% of the same sample, the errors were superior to 8,58% (approach 1) and 9,24% (approach 2). Also, it was obtained a diagnosis and a systematization of the many causes of non-technical losses, as well as the extension of the multidisciplinary aspect of these non-technical losses in the intern and extern ambit of electric distribution companies.