Reciclagem de resíduos vítreos no desenvolvimento de elementos vazados aplicados a projetos arquitetônicos: tecnologia e concepção de moldes.

Abstract

Glass can be endlessly recycled without loss of mass or properties. The importance of solid waste recycling to the environment is known, but the use of artisanal techniques for glass recycling is still on the rise. The present work aimed to investigate the possibility of recycling glassy residues in the development of cast elements applied to architectural projects. It was also emphasized the possibility of replacing the pure fine silica (99.00% SiO2) of the molds by river (77.62% SiO2) and sea sand (83.26% SiO2), aiming to propose technological and technological alternatives. for the design of molds for the reuse of such waste. The materials were benefited and it was possible to identify the composition of the glasses as silica-soda-lime. In the studies of composition and characterization of materials, three mold compositions (MR, MM and MS) were generated, where the refractory component was the main differentiator. After testing and analysis, we chose to use river sand for ease of obtaining, demoulding and lower cost. Using mainly the design tools, new configurations for the hollow elements were developed. Then new forms and techniques of rapid prototyping were studied and performed. To obtain the castings from the glass, the final molds were made with the composition of plaster, river sand, kaolin and water. Inside was deposited the glass mixture VB9A1-4, which is a mixture of heterogeneous texture composed of 90% white glass and 10% blue glass with grain size between 2.36 and 4.76mm. Then, they were submitted to different heat treatments, which varied the maximum temperatures reached 840, 880 and 920oC and the time left at 30, 60 and 90 minutes, resulting in melting and annealing. The physical-mechanical characterization of the castings showed that at higher temperatures and times, a material more resistant to compression is obtained, a fact attributed to the better sintering occurred, with the appearance of the mattest surface, homogeneous, opaque and smooth, where the crystalline peaks. showed to be more intense compared to those submitted to heat treatments of shorter time and temperature. Being TT3-B (melting temperature 920oC for 90 minutes) the most suitable for this work.