Viabilidade agroeconômica de genótipos de bananeira do tipo terra com resíduos orgânicos.

Abstract

In December 2005, a field research was installed in the city of Japaratinga, on the North Coast region of the state of Alagoas, with the purpose of evaluating growth, physiology, production, fruit quality, and profitability indexes of Terra type banana tree genotypes, cultivated in non irrigated conditions with different sources of organic fertilizers. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with three repetitions, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, referring to Terra type banana tree genotypes (Terrinha, D'Angola and FHIA-21) and fertilizer sources (chemical fertilizer, filter residue sugar mill, powder of coconut husk, and stillage residue decanter). The planting was in 0.4x0.4x0.4m holes, spaced at 3 m between rows and 3 m on the rows. In the treatments with organic fertilizer, the quantities of material applied were based on the concentration of nitrogen (N) in the respective residue. An application of 12.2 kg of filter residue sugar mill /hole, 5.8 kg of stillage residue decanter /hole and 4.0 kg of powder of coconut husk /hole were determined in these treatments. In the parts with chemical fertilizer, the quantities were based on the soil fertility analysis data. In the plant, pseudo-stem height and diameter, number of live leaves, total foliar area, photosynthesis efficiency, stomatal resistance, number of hands and of fruit per bunch, weight hands per bunch, weight of bunch and productivity were analyzed. In the economy analysis verification, the total production cost structure was used for the production cost calculus, and profit indicators were used to calculate the profitability. The greatest increases in the plant growth variables were observed in Terrinha and D'Angola genotypes. The plants responded to organic fertilizer in growth (height of the pseudo-stem and total foliar area), in physiology (stomatal resistance) and in the physical attributions of the fruit (length and diameter of the average fruit on the second hands). The photosynthesis process wasn't affected by the sources of fertilizers tested. The productivity of the 'Terrinha' type banana tree was superior to that of the 'D'Angola' and 'FHIA-21' types, and the greatest length and diameter of the average fruit on the second hands, pulp yield and total soluble solids were registered in 'Terrinha' e 'D'Angola' types. The productivity had a significant correlation with the growth variables: height and diameter of the pseudo-stem, number of leaves and total foliar area in Terrinha and FHIA-21 types. The least total cost with stillage residue decanter resulted in a greater profit index (72,06%). The Terra type banana tree, no matter which genotype studied, even in a regime of natural soil humidity, is a viable crop alternative for the North Coast region of the state of Alagoas.