Influência da arborização urbana nas variáveis climáticas da cidade de Pombal-PB.

Abstract

One of the most discussed topics today has been the increase in temperature across the planet. The entire world has focused on studies to mitigate global warming and associate development with sustainability. The present study analyzed the interference of afforestation in the climatic variables of Pombal-PB city, a relevant theme for the well-being and life quality of the inhabitants at the region punished by drought and high temperatures. The air temperature and humidity were measured under the tree canopy in full sun. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to compare temperatures and verify how climatic variables are related and, in addition, an inventory of tree species occurring in the neighborhoods was analyzed too. The study was carried out in 2021 in two periods: one in the first semester of the year (May, June and July), when temperatures are milder, and another during the second semester, more specifically in the months of September, October and November, considered the hottest months of the year in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. A central area in each neighborhood was randomly chosen in which there was an adult tree species in front of a residence. The devices were placed under the canopy of the Nim species (Azadirachta indica A Juss) in the three districts studied and the other sensor was placed under full sun exposure, starting data collection at 6:00 am and concluding the last measurement at 6:00 pm, in order to collect the data. Temperature and relative humidity data was collected throughout the day, with measurements taken every two hours. At each time of data collection, five data of climatic variables were recorded, with an interval of 15 minutes between them. It was found that there is a negative correlation between air humidity and temperature. This result is in agreement with the literature, and it was observed too, that afforestation in the studied neighborhoods contributed to decrease the temperature by 10°C and increase it by 20% the relative humidity of the air, when compared with the temperature and humidity of the air in an environment with full sun exposion. The inventory have also showed that there are a predominance of species Azadiracha Indica A Juss, indicating a deficiency in afforestation in Pombal due to the concentration of exotic species.