Produção e avaliação de biodiesel obtido por transesterificação alcalina de blendas dos óleos de mamona, algodão e dendê.

Abstract

The global energy demand for sources mostly of fossil origin leads to a greater concern in environmental and cost terms. In this work, biodiesel was used in the lists that use palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) and castor oil (Ricinus communis L) as essential oil. one route used was for alkaline transesterification, and set up for Box Behnken 2 3+3 planning to assess the influence of temperature (40ºC, 50ºC, 60ºC) on the three levels of KOH catalyst (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%) and three levels of molar ratio (1: 8.1: 10.1: 12). At characterization of the raw material was used in the IAL 2008 methodology. The acidity of the oils remained below the standard. The measured saponification index is within the standard for all oils, or the measured iodine content also met the standard. Note that the percentage catalyst, a molar oil motive: alcohol and temperature, influences the reaction yield is reflected in the production of biodiesel and glycerin. The highest yield of glycerin was registered in A3E7 (25.94%), ratio 1: 8; 50ºC and 1.25% KOH), or higher biodiesel yield in the A3E9 range of 99.81% (molar ratio 1: 10; 40ºC and 0.75% KOH). The acidity of the biodegradable agendas A1 ranges from 0.31 to 0.57 mgKOH / g, for A2 it ranges from 0.22 to 0.40 and A3 varies from 0.12 to 0.34, all with results very close to the standard (0.50 mg / kg). A specific mass of the agendas, the values reached in most cases are below the standard (850-890 m3 / kg), except for the A1 agendas where some results are above. A kinematic viscosity that meets the standard of 3 to 6 mm2 / s (RANP 45/14) except as A1 agendas. The ester content determined from the gas chromatography results quantifies the chemical tests present in oils and agendas, such as A1 agendas or higher was 98.9% (A1E8), A2 99.1% (A2E1) and A3 99.0% (A3E1). The number of ketones ranged from 50 (A1E1) to 54.4 (A1E10), A2 51.3 (A2E6) to 54.4 (A2E7) and A3 from 47.6 (A3E8) to 59.1 (A3E6). The oxidative stability (h), of A1, varies from 3.21 h to 8.63 h, of A2 agendas with values of 1.06 h to 3.75 h, of A3 agendas with varied values of 2.47 h 5, 98 h, the previous results of minor induction and therefore do not agree with RANP 45/14 which is 12 h at least.