Patologias de sistemas de captação de água de chuva em edificações rurais do semiárido.

Abstract

Rural areas, which house in Brazil about 30 million people in 8.1 million households, are the poorest in sanitation infrastructure, especially when it comes to water supply. In the search for alternatives to the problem of water supply for human consumption the Captation of Rainwater System (SCAC), stands out. This apparatus is widely disseminated in rural areas of the northeastern semiarid. However, despite the undeniable benefits that it brings to the families, these systems have shown structural problems or usage, requiring systematic reviews. Based on the Post Occupancy Evaluation methodology (POE) and Product Design Techniques, this paper presents the development of a methodology for evaluating pathologies in SCACs. To validate this proposal, a field research was conducted in 132 residential buildings of three rural settlements of Paraiba semiarid. An evaluation form was developed for data collection of the user; the product; the user/product interface. The results show that users have low degree of schooling and strong economic dependence of assistentialist programs and retirements. It was verified the occurrence of 65 pathologies of various orders in the SCACs, ranging from the "displacement of tiles" occurring in over 45% of households, to inadequacies in the driving subsystem, occurring in about 30% of the systems. There was a dependency relationship between the pathology "Partial absence of the gutters" and the source of stored water (rain, car pipe and rain + car pipe). The most frequent pathologies in the tanks were “cistern door built with inappropriate materials"; "occurrence of cracks" and "occurrence of water leakage." There was dependent relationship between the last two conditions. As a final product, it was prepared an illustrated catalog with a description of the most important pathologies occurring in SCACs, aiming at rapid and unambiguous identification of pathologies in survey technical in these devices.