Caracterização do extrato aquoso de amendoim com pele e sem pele e seus efeitos no metabolismo de camundongos swiss.

Abstract

In Brazil, it is estimated that 10 million people suffer from problems related to inadequate food, with this, a demand for healthier foods is observed. The use of the vegetal aqueous extract as the aqueous peanut extract becomes an alternative for the use of new products, being a good alternative popular, increasing the consumption by foods rich in functional nutrients with good appearance and fair price. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and nutritional characterization of aqueous peanut extract with and without skin and to analyze its effects on the metabolism of Swiss mice in a hyperlipidic diet. As specific objectives, perform the physical-chemical and nutritional characterization of the aqueous extract of peanut without skin and added to 1% of skin; Evaluate the effect of storage on the viability of the extract and the chemical and physicochemical characteristics for a period of 60 days under controlled temperature conditions; Evaluation of the extracts on the body weight of the animals; To analyze the effects of extracts on renal and hepatic functions in animals; To analyze the effects of the extracts on the lipid and glycemic profile in the animals; To analyze the effects of the extracts on the inflammation through the quantification of the CRP - C protein. The peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was peeled and separated into two parts: peanut without skin and peanut added with peanut skin. The extract was prepared in 1: 8 ratio to obtain a final concentration of 1.25 mg mL and the second extract was prepared in a similar manner, but in the extraction process 1% peanut skin was added in the total volume. The extracts were evaluated for water content (%), water activity (aw), ash (%), protein (%), lipids (%), color, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity titratable, pH, total polyphenols (mg), flavonoids (mg), vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. Hyperlipidemic reductive analysis was performed in male mice. Four groups were formed, which received different diets as follows: GI - who consumed the normocaloric AIN-93 diet, GII - who received the AIN-93 hypercholesterolemic GIII - who received AIN-93 hypercholesterolemic diet and 0.5 ml of EAA daily and GIV - who received AIN-93 hypercholesterolemic diet and 0.5 ml of EAA + 1% skin. After 60 days of experiment the animals were euthanized for blood collection for biochemical analyzes, liver and heart fragment were collected for the histological analyzes. The values found for the extracts with and without skin were respectively: pH 6.76 and 6.83, 5 and 5.3% SST, ash values were 1.44 and 0.49%; 6.57 and 5.49% of lipids and for crude protein 4.78 and 5.1%. The values with and without skin did not present significant differences only for the percentage of ashes that obtained 0.95% more for the beverage with skin. Similar values are found in another study for skinless extract, such as 9.4% total solids, 2.8% protein, 4.4% lipids, 0.2% ash and 2.0% carbohydrates. The GIV group had a higher mean weight (45.71 ± 5.2), with a difference of 14.67% more when compared to GI. This increase may be related to the gain of muscle mass since the AAS has a high protein index when compared to other vegetable drinks. The analyzes obtained at the time of 110 days of storage showed that the aqueous extract of peanuts with and without skin did not present major modifications, there were no significant losses in pH, acidity, total soluble solids, moisture and lipid parameters. These results demonstrate that aqueous peanut extracts with skin act to prevent dyslipidemia in mice and have a nutritional potential, making the skin of the grain an added value ingredient in peanut based products.