Estudo teórico/experimental de um forno a gás natural para a indústria cerâmica.

Abstract

Drying of ceramic is one of the most important operations in the manufacturing process. The artificial drying using heated artificially through the use of burners, or by using hot air of kiln under cooling. In the drying environment, temperature, relative humidity and air velocity are important parameters, which can generate strong internal stresses in the material, causing non-uniform shrinkage and excessive transport of mass, causing deformations and cracks in the product, that can affect the quality the final product and with loss of energy. Therefore, this work proposes the construction, testing and it was analysis of a kiln operating with 100% natural gas. There was experimenting with the thermal system and developed a mathematical model to describe the kiln under NiewPoint energetic and exergetic, based on the concepts of Classical Thermodynamics. Results of the temperature inside, at the wall and outside of kiln at various positions and over time, energy and exergy efficiency and heat loss from the kiln / dryer to neighboring are presented and analyzed. It was nitrified that the kiln / dryer had a thermal efficiency of approximately 65%, exergetic efficiency ranging from 40 to 70%, maximum temperature of 941.6°C (without insulation) inside of the kiln and reduced pollutants emissions of the natural gas combustion.