Quintessência com quebra de simetria de Lorentz.

Abstract

Scalar fields have a range of applications in various contexts, one of which is in condensed matter with defects. These defects appear naturally through the presence of phase transitions at the beginning of the universe. The type of defect, as well as its properties, depends on the details of each symmetry break. In this dissertation we will use an application of scalar fields linked to the cosmological scenario through the study of quintessence, which involves gravity coupled scalar fields in order to describe a phase of accelerated cosmic expansion, presenting itself as a promising alternative in the study of cosmic inflation. of dark energy. Our interest is in analyzing first order formalism-based cosmological solutions to find 1-field analytical models that describe the current phase of expansion of the universe without the need for a sllow-rool approximation. The results are obtained through analytical cosmological parameters that make the results acceptable in relation to the experimental values. Through the mentioned procedures, we hope to understand the process of expansion of the accelerated universe, emphasizing the fact that Lorentz’s symmetry breaking parameter is indispensable for the proposed model.