Produção e desenvolvimento do tomate industrial (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) em diferentes níveis de salinidade.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to study the effects of salinity on the production and development of industrial tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), as well as to verify the best behavior among the cultivars most used in irrigated perimeters. This work was developed in House of Vegetation, without environmental control of temperature and relative humidity. Plastic containers (buckets) were used, with soil salinized artificially with 2N NaCl solution, using one plant per container. The following factors were studied: five tomato cultivars (Rio Grande, Petomech, IPA-5, UC082 and Santa Adélia) and five salinity levels (CEes 1.18, 2.46, 4.52, 7.20 and 9 , 60 mmhos / cm at 25 ° C), with four replicates, the experimental design being the completely randomized factorial. The variables studied, in general, showed a negative effect as the salinity level increased. The analysis of variance showed significant effect at the 0.01 level of probability for salinity levels and of 0.05 probability to grow on the dry weight of the aerial part of the plant. These results indicate that for the dry weight of the aerial part of the plant a decrease occurred as the salinity level increased, the salinity level of 2.46 mmhos / cm being the highest dry weight was UC-082, being the cultivar Santa Adélia the one of greater dry weight of the aerial part. The analysis of variance regarding number of fruits showed a significant effect at the 0.01 level of probability only for salinity levels. The number of tomato fruits began to describe from the salinity level of 2.46 mmhos / cm, being more pronounced at the salinity level of 9.60 mmhos / cm, compared to the T1 control. Analyzes of variance regarding fruit yield and weight showed significant effects also at the 0.01 level of probability for salinity levels. It is verified that from the level of salinity of 452mmhos / cm, there was a decrease in yield as well as fruit weight, being more pronounced at the level of 9.60mmhos / cm. The analysis of variance regarding fruit weight also showed a significant effect at the 0.01 probability level among the cultivars and at the 0.05 probability level in the treatment interaction of cultivars. The results show that: a) between cultivars, the one with the lowest weight of fruit was the cultivar IPA-5, being the cultivar Santa Adélia the one that presented the highest weight of fruit and b) in the treatment x cultivar interaction, for the levels of salinity of 1.18 mmhos / cm and 9.60 mmhos / cm did not exist significant difference between the cultivars. At the salinity levels of 2.46, 4.52 and 7.20 mmhos / cm, the cultivars that presented the best and lowest weight per fruit were Rio Grande - IPA-5, Santa Adélia - UC-082 and Santa Adélia - UC- 082 respectively. Among the variables in which analyzes of variance were made, it can be observed that the cultivar Santa Adélia presented the best final result, with cultivars UC-082 and IPA-5 showing the worst results.