Política de nucleação das escolas no campo no município de Caraúbas-PB: contradições, desafios e perspectivas.

Abstract

This work is linked to the Research Line “History of Education, Management and Educational Policies” of the Graduate Program in Education at the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, and to the Center for Studies and Research in Rural Education, Teacher Training and Pedagogical Practices (Nupeforp), has as its object of study the Nucleation Policy and the Right to Education of and in the countryside in the municipality of Caraúbas in Paraíba. The interest in researching this issue is justified by the fact that, in our teaching practice and in our training as a Graduate in Rural Education, we are faced with the closing of schools and the historical exclusion of rural people in terms of access to education. social rights, including the right to basic schooling in their own communities. In this sense, this work has the general objective of analyzing the contradictions and challenges of the nucleation policy and the right to education of the peasant population in the countryside in the municipality of Caraúbas-PB, and, specifically, the research seeks to: analyze the context of the countryside within the scope of the right to peasant education in Brazil; understand how the nucleation of schools in the countryside in the municipality of Caraúbas-PB takes place; and to identify and reflect on the contradictions, challenges and perspectives of nucleation, based on an understanding of the economic, political and social context in which it took place. As for the methodological path, the approach of Historical-dialectical Materialism guided our theoretical foundation and the paths of production and data analysis. To constitute this work, we selected participants with direct involvement in the nucleation policy implemented in the municipality of Caraúbas, from the emancipation of the municipality in 1994. Thus, the participants of the research were: two former managers of education, a manager, an education supervisor and a member of the City Council of Education. As a data production instrument, we used the triangulation methodology, which consisted of: a) exploratory study, to collect secondary data and academic production on the subject; b) document analysis of federal, state and municipal educational legislation, with regard to the right to education and school nucleation; c) semi-structured interviews, to understand the perception of research participants about the phenomenon studied. To analyze the data, we used the technique of Content Analysis, from the perspective of thematic analysis as proposed by Bardin (1977). The policy analyzed here arises with the intention of concentrating resources and rationalizing costs, with the discourse of improving educational quality, based on a rooted neoliberal discourse, which, in practice, translates into precariousness and consequent closing of schools in the countryside. The study showed, in the speeches of the managers, a lack of responsibility on the part of the State in relation to nucleation as a denial of the rights of the peasant population, which revealed the contradictory character of school nucleation in the face of guaranteeing the right to education for peasant peoples in the municipality of Caraúbas-PB, as well as guided the challenges and possibilities for overcoming this educational policy that sees the countryside as a space restricted to economic-agricultural production, inert to the historical struggle waged by peasant workers in search of the right to education with the existing populations in rural territories. Given the reality presented, it is essential to advance in the implementation of Rural Education in the municipality surveyed, this initiative can materialize from concrete changes in the municipal education policy, as well as in the understanding of municipal public managers when it comes to the constitution of the rural area of Carúbas.