Qualidade física, química, compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante em cultivares de feijão verde vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in eight cowpea green cultivars. The cultivars used in the experiment were from eight cowpea cultivars, namely, Costela de Vaca, Marataoã BRS, BRS Itaim, BR-17 Gurguéia, BRS Novaera, Paulistinha, Setentão and Patativa. The work was divided into two experiments. In the first it was conducted physical evaluations long green pods, length, width, thickness, weight and number of 10 green and chemical pods grains that included the chemical composition, with determination of moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and energy value, pH, acidity and sugars in the second were conducted reviews of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity. For chemical evaluations grains underwent two procedures: raw and cooked and reviews of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity also evaluating the raw and cooked grains including broth cooking were evaluated so independently. All analyzes were carried out in quadruplicate in raw, cooked cultivars and cooking broth and physical analysis containing 30 repetitions of the eight cultivars. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and detecting significant effect on the F test, the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It was found that all cultivars gathered good physical characteristics except BRS 17-Gurguéia. With regard to chemical characteristics, the moisture content was in the range of 54.31 to 63.99% in raw cultivars BR-17 and BRS Gurguéia Marataoã and increased in cooked from 68.75 to 70.79% respectively. The content of ash, protein, lipids and energy value decreased significantly (p <0.05) for all cultivars cooked. The carbohydrate content decreased for all cultivars after cooking with the exception of Patativa cultivar. For total sugars content of the raw samples had levels of 9.35 to 10.8 mg / 100 g BRS Novaera and Costela de vaca, after baking, can observe the reduction thereof with contents of 0.73 and -1.49 mg / 100 g Costela de vaca and Setentão respectively. For bioactive compounds, to cultivate Costela de vaca had the highest chlorophyll content in its raw form, the baked beans the highest chlorophyll content was observed for BRS Novaera being observed also be cultivating showed the lowest loss of this compound. Cultivar Costela de vaca had the highest carotenoid content before and after cooking. After cooking the cultivars showed an increase in flavonoid content for all cultivars with the exception of Costela de vaca cultivars and Setentão. Small concentrations of anthocyanins were found in raw varieties, cooked in broth and cooking. After cooking there was a reduction in the ascorbic acid content in all cultivars except for BRS Itaim (4.23 mg / 100g) and cultivate Patativa (5.56 mg / 100g) which showed a slight increase after cooked. Before cooking, BRS Marataoã showed higher antioxidant activity (97.71 g beans. DPPH g-1). cooking broths also presented relevant content of bioactive compounds, especially the Costela de vaca cultivars 43.34 mg / 100g and BRS Marataoã 51.88 mg / 100g and antioxidant activity especially BRS Marataoã (79.59 g beans. DPPH g1). It was concluded that the cultivars showed good physical characteristics except BRS 17-Gurguéia. Even after thermal processing cultivars kept nutritional relevant functional characteristics, their consumption is recommended along with their cooking broth for greater retention of compounds with antioxidant properties.