Modelo conceitual para diagnóstico de governança multinível da água em bacias hidrográficas compartilhadas no Brasil.

Abstract

Water sustainability is an outstading issue that must be addressed taking into consideration the management of supply and demand. Therefore, there is a need for water governance systems proven effective in establishing policies that guide decisionmaking through the intrinsic complexity of interscale and multi-level interactions. This work developed a conceptual model for the diagnosis of Multi-level Governance in Brazilian shared basins, with application in the São Francisco River Basin (BHSF). This work considered two sub-levels of the local level of the administrative scale: macro local level (BHSF) and micro local level (BHSF sub-basins). The first methodological step consists in determining the degree of implementation of the Brazilian water policy, through the use of an adaptation of the methodological indicators’ Framework for Water Governance defined by the Principles of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the Water Governance and the establishment of interscale and multi-level interactions of this water governance system. The second methodological step consisted of the creation of the Conceptual Model for the Diagnosis of Multi-level Governance. Based on the study of a set of indicators for different dimensions of governance, under analysis from the perspective of articulation and decentralization, in which intersection of the classes identified in the Multi-level Governance Matrix results in degrees of the significance of Multi-Level Governance. This model was validated through document analysis in the BHSF as a macro local level and the Salitre River Basin (BHS) as a micro local level. The results show the variability in the implementation of management instruments and hydrographic basin committees in the 34 sub-basins that make up the BHSF. States with maximal resource management policy, such as Minas Gerais, presented positive results. On the other hand, the sub-basins of the Lower São Francisco presented negative results. The Multi-level Governance between BHSF and BHS identified through the Multi-level Governance Matrix proposed in this work was measured as partially significant. in conclusion, the proposed evaluation model of Multi-level Governance managed to represent the real situation in the case study when applied in the comparative analysis between two sub-levels of the local level of the administrative scale: macro (BHSF) and micro (BHS); under two criteria: articulation and decentralization; which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed model.