Dispositivos para simulação realística em enfermagem na assistência a pacientes com colostomia.

Abstract

Introduction: Realistic Simulation in teaching nursing care to people with a colostomy can be an excellent instrument to create real situations that can be found in different health services. Objective: The objective of this work is to present the creation of a handmade device for the practice of realistic simulation in Nursing teaching in the care of patients with colostomy. Methodology: This is a methodological research that was carried out to develop an educational technology in the field of health. The technology developed includes a colostomy irrigation device (irrigation bag, cone, sleeve, support belt), colostomy bag, stoma and the minicap. There were two scenarios for the research, the first being the Nursing laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus Cuité/PB, for the photography of the original irrigation devices and subsequent manufacture of the handmade devices. The second scenario was the virtual environment, in which the research was carried out for the construction of this scientific work. The research was carried out in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Database in Nursing (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and using the descriptors “Colostomy”, “Colostomy bags”, “Educational technology” and “Nursing”, with the Boolean AND operator. After analyzing the data, 03 (three) categories emerged, namely: 1) Educational technologies for teaching nursing in colostomies; 2) Repercussion of the use of educational technologies in teaching nursing in colostomies; 3) Construction of the irrigation system. Results and Discussion: Nine articles made up the final sample. Among these tools, the research articles brought educational videos that are already widely used in the training scenario, simulation booklets and aprons, showing the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which have been created and validated for implementation in nursing education, aimed at to professors, students, patients and family members who experience the use of colostomy. In health education, and especially in nursing, these resources are often used to develop skills, affective involvement, replace live presentations, train skills and, in addition, help in theoretical learning with cognitive and reflective understanding. Conclusion: The colostomy undoubtedly imposes many changes in the individual's way of life. In general, it causes physical, behavioral and emotional changes, leading to non-socialization, isolation, fear of rejection, loss of autonomy and identity. Therefore, this work can open new paths in the field of health, mainly in nursing education, by portraying a technological innovation capable of transforming laboratories and classrooms into great scenarios for academic training.