Avaliação do processo de osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de alendronato de sódio em modelos experimentais com osteoporose induzida.

Abstract

A series of pharmacological treatments are used to minimize bone disintegration caused by osteoporosis, however, some treatment alternatives are responsible for producing an adverse reaction consisting of tissue necrosis: osteonecrosis of the jaws. Thus, the objective of the research was to investigate the bone repair process in wistar rats with osteoporosis induced by dexamethasone treated with vitamin D and sodium alendronate, taking into account the present macroscopic changes that may show osteonecrosis of the jaws. The research was carried out at the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande-CES, according to the parameters established by the ethics committee. 24 wistar rats were used and divided into four distinct groups representing each form of evaluation: the GA group composed of 06 animals treated with sodium Alendronate; the GAD group composed of 06 animals treated with vitamin D and sodium alendronate; the GO group that did not receive treatment for osteoporosis, being only subjected to osteoporosis induction and making up the control group with osteoporosis; and the CG group, which only received distilled water by oral gavage, making up the total control group. There was induction of osteoporosis through the administration of dexamethasone over a period of five weeks in the 18 animals of these first three groups. After the induction, 12 animals were submitted to the isolated treatment of alendronate sodium, and the association with vitamin D in the period of six weeks. Macroscopic and radiological evaluations were performed. The results showed that the combination of treatments group had the highest prevalence in the variable necrosis (83.3%), showing signs of the last stage of the condition in the period of 45 days. However, for most specific signs, the group treated with vitamin D association showed a lower prevalence of sequelae. Thus, it is concluded that the osteorestorative action that Alendronate sodium presents does not overcome the necrotic action that follows, its damage, however, being attenuated by the concomitant use with vitamin D.