Avaliação da interação gene nutriente e sua aplicabilidade na prevenção e tratamento do câncer de mama: uma revisão.

Abstract

Cancer has as its main characteristic the disordered cell growth, being the main cause of death in the world. Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women, and its prevention can be considered through appropriate dietary factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile the findings of studies on the interaction between gene and nutrients in the perspective of use as a tool in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The study consists of a systematic review of literature prepared through the PICO strategy using as the basis of the research the guiding question "What is the available scientific evidence related to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer through the interaction between genes and food? ", articles published between the years 2018 and 2022 were used, found through the descriptors DeCS and MESH with the searchers "nutrigenomics", "breast cancer", "disease prevention", "neoplastic genes" and "nutritional therapy" in English, in the databases PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct and Google academic. Gene-nutrient interaction in breast cancer is found at various stages of the disease and life stages. Sulforaphane, a dietary compound found in broccoli sprouts, has been analyzed in several studies as an epigenetic modulator in the embryonic developmental stage, inhibiting tumor-promoting genes and increasing tumor suppressor genes. Other nutrients addressed in the studies were genistein and vitamin D, which, like sulforaphane, the gene-nutrient interaction brought beneficial effects for the prevention of breast cancer and treatment of patients already affected with this pathology. Also, dietary patterns were evaluated, showing the diet rich in natural foods as inhibitors of pro-metastatic genes of breast cancer and dietary patterns rich in processed foods associated with overexpression of these genes. Given the exposed results it was possible to conclude that the nutrients have the capacity for genetic modulation benefiting the prevention and treatment of breast cancer as well as contributing to the advancement of science in the search for a cure for cancer.