Presença do consumo de marcadores de alimentos não saudáveis de moradores em um município do interior da Paraíba nos anos de 2011, 2014 e 2019.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Food practices have changed over time, due to technological advances, since food preparation was carried out in people's homes and started to be produced by industries, thus, the ultra-processed products emerged. These food products are produced with the aim of being durable, attractive and profitable, however, their consumption affects people's health, the cultural aspects of a people, the environment and food systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify the consumption of unhealthy food markers by residents of a municipality in the interior of Paraíba in the years 2011, 2014 and 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a longitudinal study that used data from a larger survey, SANCUITÉ, which took place between the years 2011, 2014 and 2019 and analyzes data on food insecurity, food consumption, through the Food Frequency Questionnaire, socioeconomic conditions and the quality of life of the population in a municipality of Cuité-PB, and the focus of this research is to analyze the consumption of unhealthy foods in residential areas (urban and rural), and during the three stages of collection. RESULTS: The predominant population of the research is a resident of the rural area, female, with low education and income of up to two minimum wages. Regarding the consumption of unhealthy food markers, it is observed that the Sugary Drinks marker showed a significant decrease in the percentage of consumption in the last follow-up for the general population, however, with higher consumption for the rural population (0.024<p ), industrialized juice being the most consumed. The other markers, on the other hand, showed fluctuations in consumption between all stages, but not very significant. In the Candy and Sweets marker, the most consumed foods were sweet biscuits and milk/fruit sweets, in the sausages marker, ham/mortadella and sausage, and for Instant Pasta/Package snacks/Biscuits and Snacks, they were the cookies and another cookie. DISCUSSION: The consumption of ultra-processed foods contributes to food standardization, since these are present at the tables of most Brazilians, due to several factors, such as the influence of the media, purchasing power, low cost and convenience. The consumption of sugary drinks in the rural population can also be observed in other studies, as well as the presence of these markers in both areas of residence. Despite noting a decrease in the percentage of consumption of Sweets/Candy and Sugary Drinks in the last follow-up, it was not very significant, but it is still a positive aspect, since the excessive consumption of these markers brings consequences, mainly the incidence of NCDs and even premature adult deaths. CONCLUSION: Unhealthy food consumption markers are present in both areas of Cuité-PB, with percentage fluctuations throughout the collections, and that there are several factors that contribute to this dietary pattern, but it is up to the State to

intensify and/or reinforce food policy practices in order to raise awareness and inform the population about these foods and the consequences.