Para quem é Campina Grande?: um estudo sobre as ameaças à permanência nas ZEIS Califon / Estação Velha.

Abstract

The Special Social Interest Zones (ZEIS) were incorporated into the planning of urban territories in the 1980s through the Statute of Cities, emerging as one of the main tools for land policy and zoning of Brazilian municipalities. The ZEIS act to include in the zoning of cities, through the Master Plan and land use and occupation laws, areas destined for the implementation of Social Interest Housing, whether in areas already occupied by precarious settlements, or in empty areas, preferably endowed with infrastructure, as explained by Rolnik (1997). In this way, the following work discusses the relationships and socio-territorial dynamics developed in the Special Social Interest Zone Califon/Estação Velha, located in the city of Campina Grande - PB and delimited by municipal law n°. 4,806 of September 23, 2009. The study covers aspects related to threats to the permanence of the population through the relations of power and order developed in the area, resulting from the neoliberal urban production model. The guiding factor of the ZEIS in the zoning of cities was that intervening in the rules that deine the use and occupation of land could operate in the sense of expanding access to urban land for populations that do not ind this possibility in the formal market. The analyzed area, in turn, despite being a protected zone since 2009, presents weaknesses resulting from the investments by the real estate sector and other agents that affect the production of urban space in the area and the lack of public policies that are effective for guaranteeing access to the right to the city and housing by the most vulnerable population. Therefore, this work not only aims to contribute to the urban study of the area, but also to explore the agents responsible for producing these threats, in addition to suggesting relections that may enable the emancipatory inclusion of citizens in the production of the urban space in which they live.