TEJO, B. R.; TEJO, Bruna Ramos.
Résumé:
The process of disorderly growth of the city due to capitalist and unequal production of urban space has ended up creating marginalized communities. In line with this scenario, the advent of industrialization was one of the main factors in consolidating patterns of production and consumption that constantly modify the landscape and ecosystem of territories due to the potential increase in environmental degradation linked to anthropic activities. Paradoxically, the supposed conception of progress and well-being linked to the urban and industrial development of cities has intensified the pressure on natural resources, especially water resources. This situation is observed at various territorial scales in Brazil, and in the municipality of Campina Grande, an example of this described scenario is experienced by the Rosa Mística community. The region is Consolidated at the confluence of three neighborhoods of the city with distinct socioeconomic characteristics, adjacent to the Louzeiro Forest and ordered on the banks of the Piabas Stream, a water body that underwent a process of sanitation interventions in the 1940s, composing a system for capturing the city's waste. The location is home to a population in which part is in a high situation of risk and socio-environmental vulnerability. The pollution of the water body, flooding due to inadequate drainage, coupled with the lack of free spaces that meet the community's demands, are systemic issues that must be incorporated into the scope of Urban Planning in the city. The objective of this work is to propose an urban and environmental requalification of a stretch of the Piabas Stream that is inserted in the Rosa Mística community, with the investigative specificity of understanding aspects related to urban responses in crisis situations, as well as the discussion of concepts such as Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), which seek the integration and management of rainwater with sustainable urban development. The methodology was carried out through different procedures: the first, which seeks to characterize the integration of the Permanent Preservation Area in the context of the Free Spaces SystenYs, at the urban and local scales; the second, which aims to analyze the previously raised urban diagnoses in a qualitative way, and finally, the use of the SWOT matrix as a strategy for developing guidelines and actions considering the specificities of the area. The final product was the development of a linear park integrated with two previously Consolidated free spaces in the community, along with the proposition of means for mitigating floods through the use of water retention basins and also the depollution and renaturalization of the worked stretch with the use of strategies such as wetlands and floating gardens. It is essential to understand that, beyond the project proposal of a park, the development of guidelines and actions that seek to promote strategies for the consolidation of better urban responses to crisis situations are resources that must be addressed at the scale of urban management and planning. Finally, it is hoped that this work will contribute to the promotion of environmental justice and the construction of more equitable and sustainable societies.
