SANTOS, K. S.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4169930363028154; SANTOS, Kamila Souza.
Resumo:
The state of Rio Grande do Norte (RGN) faces processes of deforestation of areas with
native vegetation, intense use of land, both in agriculture and livestock, this problem
should not be seen only as an environmental issue, but a problem of transdisciplinary
character and effects, areas of social, economic, political, environmental and cultural
order. The present work aimed to analyze the socioeconomic vulnerability in the
municipalities of the State of RGN, from descriptor variables of two main dimensions:
Socioeconomic and Demographic, as well as to understand the space-time dynamics of
land use and coverage in the micro-regions of the State of RGN, in the period from 1985
to 2018. The variables included in the study are from the 2010 demographic census of the
(IBGE) and the Annual Mapping Project of Land Use and Land Cover in Brazil. The
methodology was based on the application of multivariate statistics from the factor
analysis technique, as well as cluster analysis, generated through the amplitude of forest
cover, Mann-Kendall trend, Sen and homogeneity tests were applied, the tabular database
in area (Ha), of land cover and land use was used, as well as, annual time series of forest
cover. The 5 main forces acting on the vulnerability process in the municipalities of the
RGN state, are: Gini Index (93,4%); Theil Index (97,3%) (socioeconomic dimension);
Population 25 years or + (99,8%) and Total Population (99,9%) (demographic
dimension); EspVnas (99,8%) and MoInf (98,8%) (longevity dimension). The logic of
vulnerability in the state was defined by factors that condition the capacity to work and
the proportion of the population in relation to the occupation of the territory,
predominantly in areas with higher economic value and higher population numbers. Only
22 of the municipalities present low socioeconomic vulnerability, according to the
socioeconomic vulnerability index (IVS > 0.43). In relation to forest cover, some
microregions presented significant reduction in coverage. They were, Serra de São
Miguel, Umarizal, Chapada do Apodi, Médio Oeste and Mossoró, in 2010 and 2013 were
Vale do Açu, Angicos, Médio Oeste, Mossoró, Macau, Baixa Verde and Litoral Nordeste.
The greatest variability in forest cover loss (Caatinga), was in Mossoró, Médio Oeste,
Borborema Potiguar and Pau dos Ferros. Mossoró and Serra do Mel were the
municipalities that lost the most cover, however, Serra Negra do Norte, Caicó, São João
do Sabugi and São Fernando gained the most cover. Pau dos Ferros, Umarizal, Seridó
Ocidental, Serra de Santana and Macau, had (p-value <0.05) loss of Caatinga cover, as
well as, loss of cover during the period from 2001 to 2017 and 1978 to mid-2018, after
the year 2000 an increase in Caatinga cover was observed (2001 to 2009), among 9 years
(2010 to 2017), of the period studied.