Uso de geotecnologias no estudo da degradação das terras no município de Sumé - PB.

Abstract

The current economic system, due to its rampant acquisitive and possessive appeals, leads a disorderly manner depletion of natural resources. Desertification has become a serious global problem, especially in semi-arid, arid and sub-humid regions of the world. Land degradation is a problem that affects all regions, not just the dry lands and developing countries, about a third of all farmland or highly or moderately degraded. Paraíba is a leader in the ranking of the states that most deforestation in the Northeast, in special the Cariri, is mapped as a very serious degree of desertification. This study aimed at mapping the land degradation of the municipality of Sumé-PB. We used images of medium spatial resolution and by ERDAS and SPRING held geoprocessing. It was been calculated the estimated Volume of Biomass of Woody Vegetation (VBVL) and the Index of Degradation of Woody Vegetation (IDVL) estimated loss of biomass. Also, it was been calculated Index Degradation of Semiarid Lands (IDTS). Through digital processing of satellite images it was been detect the change in caatinga vegetation. For this study it can be concluded that the use of geotechnology was possible to map, classify and analyze satisfactorily the study area. Through IDVL, it was found that 45.64% of the area are in the process of biomass loss and degradation and that the VBVL was of 369.970m3. The results demonstrate that the high and very high levels of degradation of land are associated with high erodibility of Luvisols Chromic vertics and the low level of protection of ground vegetation of the area. The results showed that there were increases in arboreal the sub arboreal dense class of 10.96%, in sub arboreal dense class 24.52%, shrubby sub arboreal dense class and 13.7%. The detection of change can be seen that there was a recovery of vegetation for the study period.