Fatores sociodemográfico envolvidos na adesão ao tratamento com antirretrovirais em pacientes vivendo com HIV/AIDS.

Abstract

Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a challenge to the effectiveness of the treatment and dissemination of resistant viruses, assuming social contours, obvious economic and political ones. Its occurrence can be minimized by prescription of therapies more appropriate to the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients. Thus, decision-making by health professionals should be carried out based on consistent information and evidence molded to the particularities of each population. In this context, a study was carried out epidemiological, individualized, observational, cross-sectional to assess factors sociodemographic factors involved in non-adherence to ART in the first year of treatment, in order to provide data for a more incisive performance of the team in the most susceptible groups. The research was carried out at the infectology service of the HUAC in the city of Campina Grande. The sample consisted of patients with HIV/AIDS, chosen among those registered with SICLOM, who started ART between January 2009 and July 2013. Adherence was measured based on the frequency of users to the drug dispensing service at the HUAC pharmacy in their first year of treatment, those who are considered adherent attend the service monthly to receive antiretrovirals, implying that they would have taken 95% or more of the prescribed medication. The data were obtained through the analysis of the notification/investigation form of the AIDS of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The variables analyzed will be: age, sex, sexual preference, place of residence, race and schooling. Results: The study showed a predominance of the age group of 28- 42 years old (52%), the youngest being 21 years old and the oldest 72 years old, aged average of 36.44 years (SD: 9.8). The study population showed a relationship 3:1 male/female; of these, 62.0% reported being heterosexual. As for the education, the majority (52%) of the patients reported education equal to or less than incomplete primary education. A total of 74% of patients focus on the urban area and the brown race corresponds to 56% of those sampled. of the diverse adherence levels found, only 46% were considered adherent (≥95% withdrawal of medication at the pharmacy). Conclusions: gender, age group, race, sexual preference and place of residence were associated with not accession.Considering that at national level Brazil has a successful program within the scope of assistance to PLWHA, with a decline in several indices such as incidence of the disease, drop in the vertical transmission rate of HIV and mortality due to AIDS, the inadequacy of therapeutic adherence in the studied sample points to the need for further studies and local interventions that enable the improvement of the quality of patient care.