Tratamento do tabagismo no Brasil com Bupropiona ou Vareniclina nos últimos 10 anos: uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and one of the biggest public health problems in the world nowadays. Over fifty chronic and serious diseases are related to smoking, highlighting the four major causes of death in the world: heart disease, stroke, cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Drug treatment currently used for smoking in Brazil and worldwide include nicotine replacement therapy and not nicotinic medications, including bupropion and varenicline, both recently introduced in Brazil. Objective: To perform a systematic review of smoking cessation with bupropion or varenicline as an isolated or combined therapy in Brazil in the last 10 years. Methods: The survey was conducted with Clinical Trial studies in Portuguese, English or Spanish in the last 10 years, obtained in the database of virtual libraries SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed and LILACS. The following descriptors were used: "smoking", "treatment", "Brazil", "bupropion" or "varenicline" in Portuguese and their counterparts in English. Results: We found 87, 13, 25 and 10 studies respectively, on the banks of the afore mentioned data, and selected six articles that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Among the six studies evaluated, bupropion prescribed as the only therapy was more effective, whether short or long term, compared to combinated therapy. Only at the end of one year, varenicline was superior to bupropion isolated in most of the studies. Even though, in one study, bupropion showed to be more effective. Varenicline was slightly more effective when used in combination with other drugs, including bupropion, than when used alone. Females seemed to be more successful to keep in abstinence then males. In Brazil, there are needed more studies that adress this issue using a patternized method.