Papel da vitamina D sobre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e efeito da sua suplementação no tratamento da patologia: revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction. Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is considered one of the most important risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, currently we are heavily investing in research about SAH and its correlation to various environmental, lifestyle and /or nutritional factors. In several studies these recent years, it was strongly evidenced a relationship between low serum vitamin D and the development of chronic diseases, especially hypertension. The main question raised is, once established this inverse relationship between blood pressure levels and serum vitamin D levels, whether your daily supplementation could bring some beneficial effect in antihypertensive treatment of patients with SAH. Goals: To develop a systematic review about the effect of replacement of vitamin D on the treatment of hypertension. Methodology: Literature review of articles on vitamin D replacement and its effect in the treatment of hypertension in electronic databases as LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, PUBMED and COCHRANE LIBRARY from January 2001 to December 2014. In this systematic review of the literature, the search in electronic databases was through the following descriptors related to the main goal: "Vitamin D", "hypertension" and "oral supplementation". Results. There were 11 studies included ( 50 902 participants) for analysis and discussion of found data. Most observational studies (9 out of 11 studies, equivalent to 95.53% of patients) showed a positive correlation to the hypothesis of prevalence in vitamin D deficiency and hypertension. In addition, some (but inconclusive) effect of vitamin D supplementation was seen in SBP levels. Conclusion. The correlation between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension has proven as true whitin selected studies, especially in those patients with severe deficiency of vitamin D. As the state of vitamin D supplementation and their efficacy as an anti-hypertensive agent, its effect was evidenced more slightly. Therefore, we can‟t firmly conclude its benefit to hypertension