Produção de membranas cerâmicas de baixo custo para remoção de corantes.

Abstract

Ceramic membranes have excellent properties such as mechanical strength, thermal stability and resistance to severe chemical conditions. The high value of commercial ceramic membranes is mainly due to the use of high purity raw materials in their production. The use of less expensive materials that can be processed with lower

energy costs using more accessible technological resources, allows for obtaining low- cost ceramic membranes. Large amounts of effluents are generated every day from

processes in the textile industry. Although some technologies have been used to treat textile wastewater, the removal of textile dyes remains a technical challenge as a result of the high toxicity. This thesis evaluated low-cost ceramic membrane, using Brazilian raw materials that are easily accessible and abundantly found in our country in the process of separating textile dyes. The raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrophotometry and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical strength and porosity tests were performed, as well as XRD characterization and pure water permeation measurements of the ceramic membranes. The selected membrane contains in its composition 65% of chocobofe clay, 5% of kaolin, 20% of Magnesita concentrate and 10% of starch and a sintering temperature of 650 °C and was evaluated in the process of separating the dyes Methylene blue and reactive blue. The porosity value found was 53%, average pore size of 0.48 μm and pure Water Flow of 520 L/m2

.h. The reuse of the ceramic membrane performed well with the dyes after 15 successive cycles. From the technological prospection addressed in this thesis, it was possible to evaluate the evolution of ceramic membrane production technologies and their evolution over the years. From the study of patents published from 1998 to 2018, it can be highlighted that it is considered a relevant and strategic area.