A organização e a oferta da educação infantil para as crianças camponesas no município de Barra de Santana-PB.

Abstract

This dissertation presents as object of study the organization and provision of Early Childhood Education from and in the countryside municipality of Barra de Santana, Paraíba. The research from which this dissertation results is linked to the Graduate Program in Education at the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), in the line of research "Educational History, Policy and Management" and to the Center for Studies and Research in Rural Education, Teacher Training and Pedagogical Practices (Nupeforp). The term education offer is understood as an important dimension of educational policy to ensure the social right of young children aged zero to five years, and it consists not only in analyzing the access and service but also the demand, the work conditions of the offer and the quality of continuance for the children. The objective of this work is to understand how the organization and provision of Early Childhood Education in the countryside in the municipality of Barra de Santana takes place, dialoguing with the dimensions of access, service, operating conditions and continuance, in a perspective of meeting the right to education provided for in the legislation. For this, we define the following specific objectives: a) contextualize how the right to Early Childhood Education is postulated in educational legislation, considering the diversity of childhoods and children; b) to characterize how access, continuance and working conditions of Early Childhood Education in the countryside of the municipality of Barra de Santana take place; c) analyze how educational managers understand the organization of Early Childhood Education in the countryside of the municipality and the offer of vacancies in this stage of education. Historical-dialectical materialism as a research approach guided the theoretical framework and procedures for data production and analysis. The research was based on school management, early childhood education, rural education and rural early childhood education, with an emphasis on discussions about supply management. The research field was the municipality of Barra de Santana, located in the eastern Cariri of Paraíba.Our staff is composed of nine research participants, the municipal secretary of education, the general coordinator of Education in the municipality, three directors of schools where Early Childhood Education is offered in the rural area, three pedagogical coordinators of the schools, a representative of the Municipal Council of Education. The procedures for producing the information consisted of the triangulation between the exploratory study, the documentary research and the field research (GIL, 2010). For data analysis, we used the Content Analysis technique from the perspective of thematic analysis, as proposed by Bardin (2011). We noticed that the educational policies for young children in the rural area presents a tension between what is foreseen in the legislation, the scenario of inequalities and diversities existing in the countryside and the slowness in their effectiveness by the municipalities, including the need for greater knowledge of managers municipalities and schools of these normative landmarks. We identified that the municipality offers enrollment for children residing in the rural area in the hybrid system organization modality (BARBOSA; GEHLEN; FERNANDES, 2012), serving children both in schools located in the rural area as well as in the municipality's headquarters, mainly for the children aged between zero and three years old, as a way of meeting the demand presented by families. The insertion of kindergarten children in multi-grade classes still predominates in the city, affecting children's rights in their fundamental processes of caring-educating, interacting-playing, and anticipating schooling processes.