Análise epidemiológica das cirurgias de colecistectomia por videolaparoscopia e por laparotomia realizadas no Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro - HUAC.

Abstract

Introduction: cholecystectomy consists of surgery to remove the gallbladder biliary tree, which can be done through the conventional technique (laparotomy) or by minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy). This is the surgical technique currently considered the standard for performing cholecystectomy, as it results in reduction of postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, less invasive, resulting in lower risk of infection, smaller surgical incision and better aesthetic result. Objectives: This study aims to compare quantitatively and qualitatively the cholecystectomies performed at the University Hospital Alcides Aries (HUAC). Methodology: this research is an epidemiological study descriptive, retrospective, field exploratory. The study was carried out through analysis of HUAC records referring to cholecystectomy surgeries carried out in this hospital during the year 2014. Results: throughout the year of 2014, 109 cholecystectomy surgeries were performed, but only 99 medical records were found for data analysis. Of this total, 68 surgeries were laparotomy and 31 occurred by videolaparoscopy. The preoperative diagnosis of cholelithiasis was performed in 85 cases, out of a total of 99 evaluated. there was not statistical significance (p=0.234) in relation to the two techniques in the comparison of the length of post-surgical hospital stay. It was also not evidenced statistical difference (p=0.306) between the two groups in the analysis of analgesia. In regarding postoperative complications: in absolute numbers, patients submitted to cholecystectomy by laparotomy had a higher number: 5

(five), after laparoscopy only 1 (one) case of post-operative complication operation was documented. Conclusion: there was a need for a greater number of cases for better statistical correlation with the data present in the current literature and demonstrate the superiority of the laparoscopic route for the performing a cholecystectomy.